Historical Role of Islam: An Essay on Islamic Culture is a critical examination of Islam’s historical impact on civilization. The author challenges conventional narratives about Islamic culture by situating its development within broader socio-economic and political contexts. He argues that Islam played a transformative role in shaping medieval history, particularly in its contributions to science, philosophy, and trade, while also critiquing its limitations in fostering modernity and progress. The essay emphasizes Islam’s historical dynamism, its interaction with other cultures, and its role in shaping world history, offering a nuanced perspective that blends historical materialism with a critical analysis of religious influence.